Agreement of the parties to replace one obligation with another An obligation is terminated if the parties, by agreement, create a new obligation in place of the existing one, which…
The Essence of Inheritance Law Inheritance is the transfer of the property rights and obligations of a deceased natural person, as well as certain personal non-property rights, to heirs under…
Administrative penalties and their purpose Administrative penalties are sanctions of a repressive and coercive nature, intended to punish the offender of the law. By applying these measures, the person concerned…
The concept of an administrative offence An administrative offence is an unlawful, culpable (intentional or negligent) act or omission that infringes upon state or public order, property, citizens’ rights and…
Letter of Credit – a secure form of international settlements A letter of credit (also referred to as a documentary letter of credit) is a form of ensuring the fulfillment…
What is a bank deposit and how is it regulated? A bank deposit refers to money placed in a bank, savings, or one of the investment instruments that allows saving,…
Common Ownership and Its Holders Common ownership refers to property that belongs jointly to two or more owners. Such co-owners may include several natural or legal persons, these entities and…
Leasing: definition, conditions, and liability of the parties Leasing (financial leasing) is a form of investment activity in which assets are acquired and transferred under a leasing agreement to legal…
Exchange Agreement: Legal Regulation and Parties’ Obligations Exchange is a transaction involving the trade of goods or services. Under an exchange agreement, one party undertakes to transfer ownership of a…
Penalty Fees as a Form of Civil Liability and a Means of Securing the Performance of Obligations Penalty fees are a monetary amount established by law, contract, or court decision…